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This article was co-authored by staff writer, Nicole Levin, MFA. Nicole Levin is a technology writer and editor. He has over 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams in large web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction writing, and zinemaking at various institutions.
Send Mail From Command Line Using Smtp Server
Software like Thunderbird and Outlook make sending email feel like magic. Well, until your email reaches its destination. When you click “Send?” How you can find out what actually happens when you click an option is to send a test message from your email provider’s external server with Telnet, a small application that came with your computer. You may receive an error message that your email software did not.
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This article was co-authored by staff writer, Nicole Levine, MFA. Nicole Levin is a technology writer and editor. He has over 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams in large web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction writing, and zinemaking at various institutions. This article was viewed 1,367,316 times.
You can both check your server’s response and send email to the recipient on your computer via Telnet, which is a command-line only feature. Start by opening a command prompt (Windows) or Terminal (Mac), then type
And press ↵ Enter. Then you can enter the command to open a Telnet connection. If the connection is responsive, you can send email via Telnet by entering the necessary commands one at a time. Activate attack backup cents cwp ddos diskpart exchange server expand partition fivem fxserver g suite gmail gnome google workspace gta gui java kde plasma Layer 7 license linux libuntu mate mate core server mx records nodejs office 365 exchange panel rdp Spring Work Springotre Bootram spring boot Framework Ubuntu VPS War File Web Windows Windows Server Windows-VPS Windows 10 XFC Desktop xubuntu
Sendmail is a very simple and straightforward MTA (Mail Transfer Agent), which implements SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) among others and can be used to deliver emails, usually cheaply. Also on KVM VPS running on Linux. Although there is a commercial version called “Sendmail”, the Sendmail we’re covering in this article is the UNIX-based version that comes with every Linux distribution including *BSD (FreeBSD). OpenBSD and variants). Using the sendmail command may be the easiest way to send email through the Linux Shell CLI (Command Line Interface) without mailx, which can be used in conjunction with sendmail to send and receive mail from the command line. . As the name already suggests, Sendmail itself can only send emails and cannot store received emails in POP or IMAP mailboxes.
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The first interesting piece of information we need to test Sandmail is the path to the binary file that is executed if we send commands on our command line. To find this, we will use the following command.
The above output means that the full path of our send command binary file is /usr/sbin/sendmail which you should note for the following steps.
If you want to configure Sendmail’s configuration files, you can usually find them in the /etc/mail/ directory on UNIX (FreeBSD, OpenBSD) and Linux (CentOS, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu) systems. Sendmail’s main configuration file is /etc/mail/sendmail.cf, however configuring it is not part of this tutorial. A good place for more information is the send mail manual page, which you can view with the send command. Now to the interesting part of this sending command line tutorial.
To quickly test whether the sendmail command is working correctly, use it, for example in a shell script, via the command line or even from a PHP script (PHP supports sendmail to send email from a PHP script – You can set the send path in your php.ini. ), you can run the following command on your Unix or Linux system.
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[email protected] is obviously the email address you want to send the test email to. This sendmail command line example will send a blank email with the subject “sendmail test” to [email protected] if the test succeeds. You can also send long emails with subject, body and additional headers if you want, but just to test if the sender mail works it is usually not needed. However, here’s how you can:
1.) Create a file named mail.txt in ~/mail.txt (or whatever you want) with vim or nano or your favorite text editor.
2.) Paste the following content into it, but be sure to adjust the email address, as these are just examples of sent orders.
That’s it – now you can check mail sent from the command line and send complete email including headers from a Linux/Unix shell. Below is an example of what a simple sandmail test looks like on a live system:
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One thing I would like to add is that PHP and other scripts can access commonly sent mail binaries, this can also be used to send spam and phishing mails. This can be done on the same shared server where the accounts are configured. By old CMS or weak password. If you want to know which scripts or postcodes users are sending spam with sendmail, you can run the following command and note the output:
Although sendmail may pose some risks on shared or insecure systems, it is a great lightweight MTA that can be used to send email from shell scripts, PHP applications or directly from the command line. If the remote SMTP server supports it, it automatically negotiates STARTTLS for encrypted transmission of emails, which is a useful security measure.
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We’ll break down the responsibilities of SMTP, take a look at communication between client SMTP and the receiving SMTP server, and finally, we’ll use a terminal to send email by issuing SMTP commands directly to the SMTP server.
Configure Email Server Settings
If you’ve ever configured an email client before, you’ve probably seen terms like IMAP, POP, and SMTP. While IMAP and POP are protocols used to receive emails from a mailbox, SMTP is strictly a sending protocol. We will take a closer look at IMAP and POP in a separate article.
SMTP is part of the application layer of the TCP/IP protocol and traditionally runs on port 25. It uses a process called “store and forward” that is used to send your email to different networks. Within the SMTP protocol, there are small software services called mail transfer agents that help manage the transmission of email and its final delivery to the recipient’s mailbox. SMTP not only defines this entire communication flow, but it can also help with the delayed delivery of email to the sender’s site, the recipient’s site, or an intermediate server.
TLDR: SMTP describes a communication protocol that describes how an email is transferred from a mail transfer agent on your computer, possibly across multiple networks, to a mail transfer agent on a destination SMTP server. .
User Agent (UA): An application used to send and receive electronic mail (Outlook, Mozilla, etc.) Mail Transfer Agent / Message Transfer Agent (MTA): A process running on an SMTP server that sends e-mail to the correct recipient. Sends mail. Helps forward mails and helps manage the delivery of emails to the user’s mailbox. Most MTAs maintain a mail queue so that delivery attempts can be rescheduled if the remote server is unavailable. An MTA often has a specific piece of software called a mail delivery agent or message delivery agent (MDA) that is responsible for delivering email messages to local recipient mailboxes, while an MTA focuses more on is forwarded to the SMTP server. from the SMTP server.
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When a user sends email through a user agent—for example, the Apple Mail app—a client SMTP process opens a TCP connection to an SMTP process.
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