How To Configure Openvpn Server – This weekend a friend of mine asked me for advice on setting up a VPN for his company to allow remote workers to connect and access the office’s file servers and internally hosted data.
The requirement is to actually use Windows Server (easy to manage) with the ability for MacOSX laptops to connect via VPN.
How To Configure Openvpn Server
A few years ago, I had the same setup that I used to connect to my home network with my own MacBook Pro, but this time I thought I’d document it to help others.
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Once installed, this will allow the client machine (MacOSX laptop) to connect to the VPN using a split tunnel configuration; Using a split tunnel will ensure that only traffic destined for the VPN network will be routed through the VPN, your Internet connection and other traffic will be routed locally, increasing speed and performance; again, this is another requirement before doing this. Please understand the security implications of this setting.
Now we will go into our Windows Server 2012 R2 desktop and run the OpenVPN Server installation (openvpn-install-2.3.10-I601-x86_64.exe), the following screen will appear, click next to start the installation…
You will then be presented with the License Agreement, read it and click the I Agree button to continue…
You will then be asked to select the components that you want to install, you must make sure that you select ALL components, this is very important, otherwise you will not get Easy-RSA and other utilities that we need, when it happens. click next…
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Choose where you want to install the software and where the settings will be saved, I just accept the default and click Install…
During the installation you will be asked to install the TAP NIC virtual adapter, this is a virtual network device that requires an OpenVPN server, you must click Install here…
Easy-rsa is a CLI utility for creating and managing CA PKI. In layman’s terms, this means creating a root certification authority and requesting and signing certificates, including sub-CAs and certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
If you’re interested, you can find the source code, more information about the utility, and an issue tracker on its GitHub project page.
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File in our easy-rsa directory, this file will contain our configuration. Now we need to open the following directory with Windows Explorer:
Now using Notepad (or another text editor) edit the batch file called vars.bat, we need to set some variables…
Mine is now like this: these values are just default values that will be filled in when the build script is used, and ever since
Will be unique for each build request, I have changed them for reference only; this will be the output so that it can be a record for you (admin) in the future:
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For the security paranoids among us, you can also look at increasing the value of the KEY_SIZE variable from 1024 to, say, 2048, but this will slow down TLS negotiation performance – your phone is right!
You should then save the changes to the file, then from the command prompt, run the following command:
File above, but remember that we must specify a KEY_CN (common name) and when asked for a name, it must match the common name.
Since we are creating a Certificate Authority and the standard practice is to name this certificate file “ca”, when asked for the name and common name, use “ca” as shown in the screenshot below:
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Now we need to create the server certificate file and again we will keep it as simple as possible so we will set the “Common Name” for the server certificate file to “
‘ And again the name will match this (note that the name is passed as the first argument to
In addition to the last “ca” certificate created, this time you will be asked if you want to register and confirm the certificate (in both cases, according to the screen below, choose yes (type “y” and press enter for all. two!):
For each VPN client that connects to the VPN, they must connect using an SSL certificate, and therefore this process must be performed for each client device that will connect to the VPN.
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As a general rule, you can generate and use one SSL certificate for each user that can be used on multiple machines, but a single SSL certificate must be generated for each device so that if the computer loses a laptop or other device or is stolen, the corresponding certificate can be removed from the server for prevent unauthorized access to your network.
As before, when prompted for “Common Name” and “Name”, use the machine name, so in this case “bobby-macbookpro” as shown in the example screenshot below:
To complete the encryption configuration, we must now generate the Diffie Hellman parameters, we do this by typing the following command:
When using easy-rsa to generate certificates, they are generated and stored in: C:Program FilesOpenVPNeasy-rsakeys, the following files in this directory must be copied to C:Program FilesOpenVPN configuration directory:
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By default, the OpenVPN service is set to start manually, so if your server restarts, you must manually start this service before the VPN client can connect again. If you want to set this to “Automatic”, right-click the service name, select properties, and set startup to “Automatic”.
Now that we have the certificate and created the CA, we will now configure the OpenVPN server.
Let’s copy the example configuration file into the “config” directory to give us a base to start our configuration:
We can now edit the “cloned” sample configuration file, and once it is fully configured to our liking, we will use it in our production environment.
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We need to set the location of the certificate we generated earlier, so look for this block:
Similar to the server configuration, we only need to edit the client configuration file and set the remote IP / hostname of our OpenVPN server.
The OpenVPN client configuration file is used on the client machine to configure the OpenVPN client to connect to a remote VPN server.
If you edit it using NotePad on Windows, the line breaks will be in CLRF format, which will cause problems when you try to load it on Mac, so we recommend using an LF-compatible editor to edit or convert the file using dos2unix. when you first use it on your MacOSX / Linux machine.
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And replace it with your public IP address or hostname that your client will use to connect to your OpenVPN server, for example:
We are almost ready to start testing, but before we do, assuming you have a router/firewall between your server and the Internet, you need to open port 1194/UDP first (don’t forget to enable it in Windows) . Server 2012 R2 firewall software as well if you haven’t already!) and make sure the traffic is forwarded to your server without it the VPN client will not be able to connect and use the newly configured VPN service.
From a “best practice” perspective, it’s a good idea to change the default UDP port in your server and client settings and make sure your firewall/router is also updated, this makes it harder for hackers to identify which services are running. on your server. .
Now that we have the server and network setup, we now need to install TunnelBlick on the MacOSX client device.
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Installing TunnelBlick is so simple that I won’t cover it here, but once you’ve installed it, let’s move on…
First of all we must create a directory in our home directory to store the client and CA certificate that we will copy from our server shortly.
I recommend that you create a directory in the root of your home directory called “OpenVPN Client Config”, you can do this in the terminal like this:
Now we need to make some small adjustments to the certificate path in the client.ovpn file, so using a text editor, open the file on your Mac and update the certificate path to match your environment:
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Save the file and close the text editor, then we need to install the new configuration by double clicking
Now that the settings have been added to TunnelBlick, using the TunnelBlick icon in the top right corner you should now be able to connect to it:
In my next post (if this post is going to be big) I will cover advanced server configuration to allow your VPN client to “see” your internal network and your internal network to “see” your VPN client, this will do two way data. transfer. for example. access to network sharing in the network and other services provided in the office network. In this tutorial, we will install an OpenVPN server on Ubuntu 20.04. To do this, you must log in as the root user. You also need to know the public IP of the server whose client will establish a secure VPN channel.
We will use the script to install and configure all the necessary packages to start the OpenVPN server.
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