Gmail Api To Send Email – An important part of programming is the ability to interact with various application programming interfaces (APIs). If you visit Google API Explorer, you’ll find a huge library of APIs, including those for all popular apps like Gmail, Drive, and Calendar. Simply put, an API allows data to be retrieved or sent to a service via HTTP requests
Using and documenting these APIs can be a bit tricky at first, but once you learn them, you can apply your knowledge to most Google apps.
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I decided to write a beginner’s guide to using and understanding the Gmail API The guide is documentation-based, which means you learn what to look for and how to read it instead of just copy the code. Since the other Google API reference docs are similar, you’ll find it much easier to adapt them once you know how to read the docs. This will allow you to write your own code and really understand what you are doing
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Python is used in this guide, but usage should be the same in other languages
Google usually provides a Quick Start Guide to facilitate authorization. This guide will build on the Quick Start Guide, which means it will have some limitations, but it is sufficient for our purposes. Another way to get the API key is to create a new project, which is a little trickier
The Python Quick Start Guide can be accessed at this link, but I’ll follow through and show you how to do it all here.
The first step is to activate the API and upload the credentials to use in our project Click “Enable Gmail API”.
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The required libraries are installed with a simple pip command provided by Google I have also pasted it below I would recommend doing this in a virtual environment This is however not covered in this guide
Before following the guide, we need to grant access to the Gmail API for our script Let’s start by creating the script itself
Folder Skip the code for now, we’ll come to that later We only need to allow access on the first run – it will also be logged for all subsequent runs
Run the file as you normally would and you will be able to sign in to your Google account in the web browser
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Sign in to your account A warning will appear stating that the application is not verified Since we are using the quickstart method, our application has not yet been verified For now, click on the link shown in the image to continue and access
The sample code may seem overwhelming at first, but I’ll break it down into smaller parts to keep it simple. In the end, you’ll see that it’s really not that difficult
As with any other Python script, we’ll start by importing Used for authorization with most imports
The ranges, however, are the most important part. This variable will be changed later, but for now we’ll stick with the default range provided.
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Scope There are many other scopes, which allows the Gmail API to perform a set of tasks and requests Some other requests require other scopes
Authority is probably the most advanced part of the script. We won’t dive too deep into that just yet, as it’s already set up to work out of the box.
Folder This is the file you created the first time you granted access to your account If the file already exists, it gets the certificate from it, which means you don’t have to grant access multiple times
This is the fun part of the script: the part that fetches data from the Gmail API As you can see, it’s not really advanced This is the part we’re going to dig into
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Is then used to retrieve all Gmail labels from authorized accounts Data is saved
So this is the fastest code example However, reading the documentation doesn’t make much sense This section will show you what is actually written in the code and how you can use the documentation to write your own code.
On the left, a large summary menu appears. It’s full of information, but it will be very useful in the next steps.
A text says that the list of these methods is at the end of the page, and
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This is the information that each tag we carry If we scroll down further we should see a table that provides information about each property in the dictionary
If we continue to scroll down the page we will see all the methods A brief description of each method is presented with a hyperlink to the documentation
Method to get all labels in Gmail account If we want to create new label then we will use this
If we go up and look at our preview on the left, you’ll see that each method has its own menu button
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It provides a lot of useful information. To start, an HTTP GET request is sent to the tag URL to retrieve all tags:
The last part shows us what a successful request will return: a body in JSON format All tags are stored in a list accessible with
Let’s take a look at the API part of our code now that we’ve gleaned more information from the documentation.
Created with our references This is just the base that is used to make the query (using the method we saw earlier).
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Then we make the request using the list method with this code It looks a bit more familiar once we see the docs
To easily show you how the syntax is constructed, the code is color coded with menus to show how the API works.
As you probably remember, the query should return a dictionary according to the response part of the documentation We store it
Dictionary Method The first argument we pass is the name of what we want to get (
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), and the second argument is that we return if nothing with that name is found
Remove all API related code from your document Just keep import, scope and identity checks We will try to create a new label via API
Let’s go to the label notice page Scroll through the methods to see which one we should use to create our own method
As you can see, we need at least one of the three scopes present However, we don’t have any in our code Let’s add
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File (and as long as that file is used for authorization), we need to delete it and recreate it with our new scope.
A new dependency has been added You may not understand it because of the Swedish language, but it basically says “handle label”. So the new scope adds a new dependency to our application
But somehow we have to pass the actual label in the request If we scroll down to the request entity we will see how to do this
In our request body, a tag with at least the following properties must be present to create a tag:
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You can find out what they should be and what they are in the documentation
It’s a simple task to create a label It takes a name and two other optional arguments If not specified,
Time to make the actual request to the API, and time to pass our label to our Gmail account Follow the same procedure as last time
We’re still missing something: the actual label We need to pass the label somehow into our request Let’s scroll the request body again
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We have already created the label with all the required properties, so we need to pass it in the request body This is done by simply adding another parameter
The actual call is done, but to do some error checking let’s wrap it in a try/exception statement
If something goes wrong, the error message will be printed on our console If everything goes as expected,
So let’s go back to the parts of the code we created to make the new API request:
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API control isn’t really that hard. It doesn’t require many lines of code to fetch – the tricky part is authorization, which we don’t even need to manage ourselves.
We have successfully made an API call to Gmail and created our own label The same basic principles apply to other Gmail API methods and other Google APIs
Feel free to try other requests just to get it The best way to learn is to practice Once you start to understand the documentation, creating your own calls is a no-brainer
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